Many of these are referred to as "Makarovs" even when they aren't. note East Germany and Bulgaria licensed the Makarov design for domestic production, Poland produced a smaller variant called the Radom P-64, Hungary produced an alloy-framed variant known as the FEG PA-63 (which even more closely resembles the PP than the other 9x18mm pistols), and Czechoslovakia adopted a cosmetically similar but internally different double-stack called the CZ-82. Many other Warsaw Pact nations at the same time also adopted 9x18mm PP-derived blowback pistols. It replaced the Tokarev TT-33 (and, by extension, the Nagant 1895 revolver the Tokarev failed to completely replace) for military use in the Soviet Union in 1951, and is still in limited use in Russia note On paper, they were replaced for general use by the 9x19mm Yarygin PYa as of 2003, though the vast number of PMs, IZh-71s and, to a lesser extent, the unsuccessful modernized PMMs still rest comfortably in the holsters of almost every policeman and security guard in the country the PYa only entered wide-scale production in 2011., where it enjoys an iconic status not unlike that of the 1911 in America, as well as several other former Soviet republics, North Korea, and Vietnam. Based on the Walther "Ultra" wartime design, which was itself based on the Walther PP, it used a 9x18mm cartridge and bullet that was not interchangeable with Western 9x17mm or 9x19mm ammunition note the actual bullet is 9.22mm by NATO measurements, apparently because the Soviets measured caliber by the lands in a rifled barrel, rather than the wider grooves as in the West and was roughly within the same power class as the.
After World War II, working from German experiments in improving the 9x17mm cartridge, Soviet engineers created the Pistolet Makarova (Makarov's Pistol) semi-automatic pistol.